[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"me":3,"catalog:tr:backend\u002Fconcurrency":4,"config":253},null,{"field_key":5,"field_name":6,"seniority":7,"topic_key":8,"topic_name":9,"spec_key":7,"spec_name":7,"locale":10,"cell_total":11,"field_total":12,"seniorities":13,"topics":17,"specs":148,"samples":168},"backend","Backend","","concurrency","Eşzamanlılık","tr",75,3300,[14,15,16],"junior","mid","senior",[18,21,24,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,124,127,130,133,136,139,142,145],{"key":19,"name":20,"count":11},"api-design","API Tasarımı",{"key":22,"name":23,"count":11},"caching","Caching",{"key":8,"name":9,"count":11},{"key":26,"name":27,"count":11},"csharp-concurrency-async","Csharp Concurrency Async",{"key":29,"name":30,"count":11},"csharp-exceptions","Csharp Exceptions",{"key":32,"name":33,"count":11},"csharp-generics-interfaces","Csharp Generics Interfaces",{"key":35,"name":36,"count":11},"csharp-memory-performance","Csharp Memory Performance",{"key":38,"name":39,"count":11},"csharp-stdlib-http","Csharp Stdlib Http",{"key":41,"name":42,"count":11},"csharp-testing-tooling","Csharp Testing Tooling",{"key":44,"name":45,"count":11},"databases-sql","Veritabanı \u002F SQL",{"key":47,"name":48,"count":11},"go-concurrency","Go Concurrency",{"key":50,"name":51,"count":11},"go-errors","Go Errors",{"key":53,"name":54,"count":11},"go-interfaces-generics","Go Interfaces Generics",{"key":56,"name":57,"count":11},"go-memory-performance","Go Memory Performance",{"key":59,"name":60,"count":11},"go-stdlib-http","Go Stdlib Http",{"key":62,"name":63,"count":11},"go-testing-tooling","Go Testing Tooling",{"key":65,"name":66,"count":11},"java-concurrency","Java Concurrency",{"key":68,"name":69,"count":11},"java-exceptions","Java Exceptions",{"key":71,"name":72,"count":11},"java-generics-interfaces","Java Generics Interfaces",{"key":74,"name":75,"count":11},"java-memory-jvm","Java Memory Jvm",{"key":77,"name":78,"count":11},"java-stdlib-http","Java Stdlib Http",{"key":80,"name":81,"count":11},"java-testing-tooling","Java Testing Tooling",{"key":83,"name":84,"count":11},"messaging-queues","Mesajlaşma \u002F Kuyruklar",{"key":86,"name":87,"count":11},"networking-http","Ağ \u002F HTTP",{"key":89,"name":90,"count":11},"nodejs-error-handling","Nodejs Error Handling",{"key":92,"name":93,"count":11},"nodejs-event-loop-async","Nodejs Event Loop Async",{"key":95,"name":96,"count":11},"nodejs-memory-performance","Nodejs Memory Performance",{"key":98,"name":99,"count":11},"nodejs-modules-streams","Nodejs Modules Streams",{"key":101,"name":102,"count":11},"nodejs-stdlib-http","Nodejs Stdlib Http",{"key":104,"name":105,"count":11},"nodejs-testing-tooling","Nodejs Testing Tooling",{"key":107,"name":108,"count":11},"php-concurrency-async","Php Concurrency Async",{"key":110,"name":111,"count":11},"php-exceptions","Php Exceptions",{"key":113,"name":114,"count":11},"php-generics-interfaces","Php Generics Interfaces",{"key":116,"name":117,"count":11},"php-memory-performance","Php Memory Performance",{"key":119,"name":120,"count":11},"php-stdlib-http","Php Stdlib Http",{"key":122,"name":123,"count":11},"php-testing-tooling","Php Testing Tooling",{"key":125,"name":126,"count":11},"python-concurrency-async","Python Concurrency Async",{"key":128,"name":129,"count":11},"python-errors-context","Python Errors Context",{"key":131,"name":132,"count":11},"python-memory-performance","Python Memory Performance",{"key":134,"name":135,"count":11},"python-stdlib-http","Python Stdlib Http",{"key":137,"name":138,"count":11},"python-testing-tooling","Python Testing Tooling",{"key":140,"name":141,"count":11},"python-typing-oop","Python Typing Oop",{"key":143,"name":144,"count":11},"security","Güvenlik",{"key":146,"name":147,"count":11},"testing","Test",[149,153,156,159,162,165],{"key":150,"name":151,"count":152},"csharp","C#\u002F.NET",450,{"key":154,"name":155,"count":152},"go","Go",{"key":157,"name":158,"count":152},"java","Java",{"key":160,"name":161,"count":152},"nodejs","Node.js",{"key":163,"name":164,"count":152},"php","PHP",{"key":166,"name":167,"count":152},"python","Python",[169,187,200,214,227,240],{"id":170,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":172,"options":173,"correct_key":175,"explanation":186},"019f56bb-b356-78e3-be73-1f391c974776",1,"Process ile thread arasındaki temel bellek farkı nedir?",[174,177,180,183],{"key":175,"text":176},"a","Aynı process içindeki thread'ler process'in belleğini paylaşır; ayrı process'lerin normalde kendi address space'leri vardır",{"key":178,"text":179},"b","Process'ler belleği varsayılan olarak paylaşır; her thread izole bir address space alır",{"key":181,"text":182},"c","Hem thread'ler hem process'ler her zaman tamamen izole bellek alır",{"key":184,"text":185},"d","Thread'ler yalnızca aynı CPU core üzerinde çalıştıklarında bellek paylaşır","Bir process kendi address space'ine sahiptir; thread'leri onun içinde yaşar ve o belleği paylaşır. Bu paylaşım thread'ler arası iletişimi ucuz yapar — shared-state bug'larını mümkün kılan şey de budur. Paylaşım CPU core'una bağlı değildir (d): thread'ler nerede schedule edilirse edilsin belleği paylaşır.",{"id":188,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":189,"options":190,"correct_key":178,"explanation":199},"019f56bb-b357-765f-9527-d537847911bd","Concurrency ile parallelism arasındaki fark nedir?",[191,193,195,197],{"key":175,"text":192},"Tamamen aynı anlama gelirler — iki kelime tek kavramın birbirinin yerine geçen adlarıdır",{"key":178,"text":194},"Concurrency, yaşam süreleri örtüşen birden çok işi yönetmektir; parallelism, aynı fiziksel anda birden fazlasını çalıştırmaktır",{"key":181,"text":196},"Parallelism tek core'da bile olabilir; concurrency ise her zaman birden çok core gerektirir",{"key":184,"text":198},"Concurrency sadece I\u002FO-bound işlere, parallelism sadece CPU-bound işlere uygulanır","Concurrency yapıyla ilgilidir — tek core'da bile yaşam süreleri örtüşen işleri çevirmek. Parallelism yürütmeyle ilgilidir — işlerin aynı anda gerçekten çalışması, ki bu birden çok core gerektirir. Tek core'lu bir makine concurrent olabilir ama asla gerçekten parallel olamaz; (c) tam tersini söylüyor.",{"id":201,"topic":9,"difficulty":202,"body":203,"options":204,"correct_key":181,"explanation":213},"019f56bb-b358-7050-92b6-0e01528d751b",2,"Bir sunucu bellekte paylaşılan bir sayaç tutuyor.\n```\ncounter = 0\n\nfunction handle_request():\n    counter = counter + 1\n```\nİki thread, `handle_request()` fonksiyonunu 1000'er kez çağırıyor. `counter`'ın son değeri ne olur?",[205,207,209,211],{"key":175,"text":206},"Her zaman tam 2000 — artırma tek satır olduğu için kesintiye uğrayamaz",{"key":178,"text":208},"Her zaman tam 1000 — ikinci thread'in yazmaları ilkinin yazmalarını ezer",{"key":181,"text":210},"En fazla 2000, ama daha az olabilir — eşzamanlı artırmalar race condition'a kurban gidebilir",{"key":184,"text":212},"Program çöker, çünkü iki thread aynı değişkene yazamaz","`counter = counter + 1` bir read-modify-write dizisidir. İki thread okuma ile yazma arasında iç içe geçtiğinde artışlardan biri diğerini ezer ve kaybolur; sonuç 2000'in altına düşebilir. Kaynak kodda tek satır olması (a) bir şey ifade etmez — birden çok adıma derlenir — ve eşzamanlı yazma tek başına programı çökertmez (d).",{"id":215,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":216,"options":217,"correct_key":178,"explanation":226},"019f56bb-b359-7030-a5b9-738e9337de84","Concurrent programlamada critical section nedir?",[218,220,222,224],{"key":175,"text":219},"Programın performans açısından en kritik, her şeyden önce optimize edilmesi gereken sıcak yolu",{"key":178,"text":221},"Paylaşılan bir kaynağa erişen ve aynı anda yalnızca tek thread'de çalışması gereken kod",{"key":181,"text":223},"Uygulama açılışında, henüz hiçbir thread yokken çalışan kod",{"key":184,"text":225},"Yakalanmayan exception'ları tüm process'i düşüren blok","Critical section, paylaşılan state'e dokunan bölgedir; bu yüzden çalışması karşılıklı dışlamalı (mutually exclusive) hale getirilmelidir — tipik olarak bir mutex ile. İsimdeki 'critical' performansla ilgili değildir (a); karışıklık kelimeyi 'performance-critical' okumaktan gelir.",{"id":228,"topic":9,"difficulty":202,"body":229,"options":230,"correct_key":175,"explanation":239},"019f56bb-b359-7ef7-b082-438e1015b3f5","Bir mutex'i tutmak gerçekte neyi garanti eder?",[231,233,235,237],{"key":175,"text":232},"Aynı anda en fazla bir thread onu tutar; lock ile unlock arasındaki kod asla eşzamanlı çalışmaz",{"key":178,"text":234},"Koruduğu kod tek bir CPU core'a sabitlenir ve hızlanır",{"key":181,"text":236},"Thread lock'u tuttuğu sürece OS scheduler onu preempt etmez",{"key":184,"text":238},"Çakışan yazmalar otomatik tespit edilip geri alınır","Mutex yalnızca mutual exclusion sağlar: aynı anda tek sahip. Preemption'ı engellemez (c) — lock'u tutan thread bölümün ortasında duraklatılabilir; diğerleri sadece o bırakana kadar giremez. Geri alma semantiği (d) lock'ların değil transaction'ların işidir.",{"id":241,"topic":9,"difficulty":202,"body":242,"options":243,"correct_key":184,"explanation":252},"019f56bb-b35a-7771-8814-2ae49ceba240","```\nthread 1:        thread 2:\nlock(A)          lock(B)\nlock(B)          lock(A)\n# ... iş ...     # ... iş ...\nunlock(B)        unlock(A)\nunlock(A)        unlock(B)\n```\nBu iki thread aynı anda çalıştığında ne olabilir?",[244,246,248,250],{"key":175,"text":245},"Her zaman tamamlanırlar, çünkü lock istekleri ilk gelen alır sırasıyla verilir",{"key":178,"text":247},"Runtime hatası oluşur: aynı mutex iki farklı thread'den istenemez",{"key":181,"text":249},"Livelock: iki thread iş yapmadan sonsuza dek lock alıp bırakır",{"key":184,"text":251},"Deadlock mümkündür: her thread bir lock'u tutarken diğerini sonsuza dek bekleyebilir","Thread 1 A'yı, thread 2 B'yi aldıktan sonra ikisi de ikinci lock'una uzanırsa, her biri diğerinin tuttuğu lock'u bekler — sonsuza dek. FIFO dağıtım (a) genel bir garanti değildir ve işe de yaramazdı; thread'ler farklı lock'ları bekliyor. Livelock (c) aktif deneme-vazgeçme içerir; düz bloklayan lock'lar bunu yapmaz.",{"fields":254,"seniorities":424,"interview_shapes":425,"locales":430,"oauth":432,"question_count":435,"coach_enabled":436,"jd_match_enabled":436},[255,266,286,303,327,340,359,378,398,405,411,418],{"key":5,"name_tr":6,"name_en":6,"sort":171,"specializations":256},[257,260,261,262,263,264,265],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":5},"general","Genel",{"key":154,"name":155,"field":5},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":5},{"key":157,"name":158,"field":5},{"key":150,"name":151,"field":5},{"key":160,"name":161,"field":5},{"key":163,"name":164,"field":5},{"key":267,"name_tr":268,"name_en":268,"sort":202,"specializations":269},"frontend","Frontend",[270,271,274,277,280,283],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":267},{"key":272,"name":273,"field":267},"javascript","JavaScript",{"key":275,"name":276,"field":267},"typescript","TypeScript",{"key":278,"name":279,"field":267},"react","React",{"key":281,"name":282,"field":267},"vue","Vue",{"key":284,"name":285,"field":267},"angular","Angular",{"key":287,"name_tr":288,"name_en":288,"sort":289,"specializations":290},"fullstack","Fullstack",3,[291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":287},{"key":154,"name":155,"field":5},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":5},{"key":157,"name":158,"field":5},{"key":150,"name":151,"field":5},{"key":160,"name":161,"field":5},{"key":163,"name":164,"field":5},{"key":272,"name":273,"field":267},{"key":275,"name":276,"field":267},{"key":278,"name":279,"field":267},{"key":281,"name":282,"field":267},{"key":284,"name":285,"field":267},{"key":304,"name_tr":305,"name_en":305,"sort":306,"specializations":307},"devops-cloud","DevOps \u002F Cloud",4,[308,309,312,315,318,321,324],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":304},{"key":310,"name":311,"field":304},"aws","AWS",{"key":313,"name":314,"field":304},"gcp","GCP",{"key":316,"name":317,"field":304},"azure","Azure",{"key":319,"name":320,"field":304},"kubernetes","Kubernetes",{"key":322,"name":323,"field":304},"terraform","Terraform",{"key":325,"name":326,"field":304},"linux","Linux",{"key":328,"name_tr":329,"name_en":329,"sort":330,"specializations":331},"ai-engineer","AI Engineer",5,[332,333,334,337],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":328},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":328},{"key":335,"name":336,"field":328},"llm-rag","LLM\u002FRAG",{"key":338,"name":339,"field":328},"mlops","MLOps",{"key":341,"name_tr":342,"name_en":343,"sort":344,"specializations":345},"database","Veritabanı","Database",6,[346,347,350,353,356],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":341},{"key":348,"name":349,"field":341},"postgresql","PostgreSQL",{"key":351,"name":352,"field":341},"mysql","MySQL",{"key":354,"name":355,"field":341},"mongodb","MongoDB",{"key":357,"name":358,"field":341},"redis","Redis",{"key":360,"name_tr":361,"name_en":362,"sort":363,"specializations":364},"mobile","Mobil","Mobile",7,[365,366,369,372,375],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":360},{"key":367,"name":368,"field":360},"ios-swift","iOS (Swift)",{"key":370,"name":371,"field":360},"android-kotlin","Android (Kotlin)",{"key":373,"name":374,"field":360},"flutter","Flutter",{"key":376,"name":377,"field":360},"react-native","React Native",{"key":143,"name_tr":144,"name_en":379,"sort":380,"specializations":381},"Security",8,[382,383,386,389,392,395],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":143},{"key":384,"name":385,"field":143},"appsec","AppSec",{"key":387,"name":388,"field":143},"offensive-pentest","Offensive \u002F Pentest",{"key":390,"name":391,"field":143},"cloud-security","Cloud Security",{"key":393,"name":394,"field":143},"devsecops","DevSecOps",{"key":396,"name":397,"field":143},"blue-team-incident","Blue Team \u002F Incident",{"key":399,"name_tr":400,"name_en":401,"sort":402,"specializations":403},"qa-test-automation","QA \u002F Test Otomasyonu","QA \u002F Test Automation",9,[404],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":399},{"key":406,"name_tr":407,"name_en":407,"sort":408,"specializations":409},"data-engineer","Data Engineer",10,[410],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":406},{"key":412,"name_tr":413,"name_en":414,"sort":415,"specializations":416},"game-dev","Oyun Geliştirme","Game Development",11,[417],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":412},{"key":419,"name_tr":420,"name_en":420,"sort":421,"specializations":422},"ml-engineer","ML Engineer",12,[423],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":419},[14,15,16],{"junior":426,"mid":428,"senior":429},{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},20,{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},[10,431],"en",[433,434],"google","github",21750,true]