[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"me":3,"catalog:en:security\u002Fas-injection-input-validation":4,"config":232},null,{"field_key":5,"field_name":6,"seniority":7,"topic_key":8,"topic_name":9,"spec_key":7,"spec_name":7,"locale":10,"cell_total":11,"field_total":12,"seniorities":13,"topics":17,"specs":130,"samples":147},"security","Security","","as-injection-input-validation","As Injection Input Validation","en",75,2850,[14,15,16],"junior","mid","senior",[18,21,24,27,30,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,124,127],{"key":19,"name":20,"count":11},"as-access-control-idor","As Access Control Idor",{"key":22,"name":23,"count":11},"as-api-security","As Api Security",{"key":25,"name":26,"count":11},"as-authentication-session","As Authentication Session",{"key":28,"name":29,"count":11},"as-crypto-implementation-pitfalls","As Crypto Implementation Pitfalls",{"key":8,"name":9,"count":11},{"key":32,"name":33,"count":11},"as-secure-sdlc-sast-dast","As Secure Sdlc Sast Dast",{"key":35,"name":36,"count":11},"bt-crisis-communication-management","Bt Crisis Communication Management",{"key":38,"name":39,"count":11},"bt-detection-engineering-tuning","Bt Detection Engineering Tuning",{"key":41,"name":42,"count":11},"bt-digital-forensics-fundamentals","Bt Digital Forensics Fundamentals",{"key":44,"name":45,"count":11},"bt-incident-triage-classification","Bt Incident Triage Classification",{"key":47,"name":48,"count":11},"bt-ir-playbook-execution","Bt Ir Playbook Execution",{"key":50,"name":51,"count":11},"bt-threat-intelligence-application","Bt Threat Intelligence Application",{"key":53,"name":54,"count":11},"cse-container-workload-security","Cse Container Workload Security",{"key":56,"name":57,"count":11},"cse-cspm-misconfiguration","Cse Cspm Misconfiguration",{"key":59,"name":60,"count":11},"cse-data-protection-governance","Cse Data Protection Governance",{"key":62,"name":63,"count":11},"cse-detection-incident-response","Cse Detection Incident Response",{"key":65,"name":66,"count":11},"cse-iam-privilege-escalation","Cse Iam Privilege Escalation",{"key":68,"name":69,"count":11},"cse-network-perimeter-zero-trust","Cse Network Perimeter Zero Trust",{"key":71,"name":72,"count":11},"ds-iac-policy-as-code","Ds Iac Policy As Code",{"key":74,"name":75,"count":11},"ds-pipeline-security-gates","Ds Pipeline Security Gates",{"key":77,"name":78,"count":11},"ds-secrets-pipeline-management","Ds Secrets Pipeline Management",{"key":80,"name":81,"count":11},"ds-security-metrics-blameless-culture","Ds Security Metrics Blameless Culture",{"key":83,"name":84,"count":11},"ds-shift-left-security-culture","Ds Shift Left Security Culture",{"key":86,"name":87,"count":11},"ds-software-supply-chain-pipeline","Ds Software Supply Chain Pipeline",{"key":89,"name":90,"count":11},"pt-legal-ethical-boundaries","Pt Legal Ethical Boundaries",{"key":92,"name":93,"count":11},"pt-methodology-phases","Pt Methodology Phases",{"key":95,"name":96,"count":11},"pt-red-team-engagement-management","Pt Red Team Engagement Management",{"key":98,"name":99,"count":11},"pt-reporting-remediation-prioritization","Pt Reporting Remediation Prioritization",{"key":101,"name":102,"count":11},"pt-scoping-rules-of-engagement","Pt Scoping Rules Of Engagement",{"key":104,"name":105,"count":11},"pt-vulnerability-assessment-vs-pentest","Pt Vulnerability Assessment Vs Pentest",{"key":107,"name":108,"count":11},"security-authn-authz","Security Authn Authz",{"key":110,"name":111,"count":11},"security-cloud-infra-security","Security Cloud Infra Security",{"key":113,"name":114,"count":11},"security-compliance-risk","Security Compliance Risk",{"key":116,"name":117,"count":11},"security-cryptography-basics","Security Cryptography Basics",{"key":119,"name":120,"count":11},"security-incident-response","Security Incident Response",{"key":122,"name":123,"count":11},"security-network-security","Security Network Security",{"key":125,"name":126,"count":11},"security-secure-sdlc","Security Secure Sdlc",{"key":128,"name":129,"count":11},"security-web-vulnerabilities","Security Web Vulnerabilities",[131,135,138,141,144],{"key":132,"name":133,"count":134},"appsec","AppSec",450,{"key":136,"name":137,"count":134},"blue-team-incident","Blue Team \u002F Incident",{"key":139,"name":140,"count":134},"cloud-security","Cloud Security",{"key":142,"name":143,"count":134},"devsecops","DevSecOps",{"key":145,"name":146,"count":134},"offensive-pentest","Offensive \u002F Pentest",[148,166,180,193,206,219],{"id":149,"topic":9,"difficulty":150,"body":151,"options":152,"correct_key":160,"explanation":165},"019faa33-10a7-782f-8320-b2aab6c801de",1,"One query builds SQL by concatenating a username directly into the string: `\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '\" + name + \"'\"`. Another uses a parametrized query: `\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?\"` with `name` bound separately. Why is the second one safe against SQL injection?",[153,156,159,162],{"key":154,"text":155},"a","It runs faster, so an attacker has no time to inject anything",{"key":157,"text":158},"b","The database only accepts queries shorter than the first form",{"key":160,"text":161},"c","The bound value is sent as data, never parsed as SQL syntax",{"key":163,"text":164},"d","Placeholders automatically strip all quote characters","With a parametrized query, the SQL text and the parameter values travel to the database separately; the driver binds `name` as a literal data value, so characters like `'` inside it can never change the query's structure. Concatenation instead builds the SQL text itself from untrusted input, letting an attacker close the string and add their own clauses.",{"id":167,"topic":9,"difficulty":168,"body":169,"options":170,"correct_key":154,"explanation":179},"019faa33-10a8-72a2-9428-fbfe97491c38",2,"An application uses an ORM's query builder for most queries, but one report endpoint calls `db.raw(\"SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = '\" + status + \"'\")` to build a dynamic filter. Does using an ORM elsewhere protect this endpoint from SQL injection?",[171,173,175,177],{"key":154,"text":172},"No, `.raw()` with string concatenation bypasses the ORM's parameter binding entirely",{"key":157,"text":174},"Yes, the ORM's connection pool sanitizes every string before execution by stripping any character sequence that resembles SQL syntax",{"key":160,"text":176},"Yes, ORMs reject any query containing user-supplied text",{"key":163,"text":178},"No, but only if the table has more than one column","ORMs prevent SQL injection by binding parameters for you when you use their query-building API. Dropping down to a raw SQL escape hatch and concatenating untrusted input reintroduces the exact same vulnerability as hand-written SQL — the ORM label on the rest of the codebase provides no protection to this one query.",{"id":181,"topic":9,"difficulty":168,"body":182,"options":183,"correct_key":163,"explanation":192},"019faa33-10a8-7b97-9751-4298dd054765","A team moves query logic into a database stored procedure to \"get away from string-built SQL in application code.\" Inside the procedure, the parameter is still concatenated into a dynamic SQL string with `EXEC(@sql)`. Is the stored procedure immune to SQL injection?",[184,186,188,190],{"key":154,"text":185},"Yes, stored procedures always run with reduced database privileges",{"key":157,"text":187},"Yes, stored procedures cannot accept string parameters",{"key":160,"text":189},"No, but only because triggers fire before the dynamic SQL inside the procedure is ever compiled",{"key":163,"text":191},"No, dynamic SQL built from parameters inside the procedure is still injectable","Moving code into a stored procedure changes where the SQL is assembled, not how. If the procedure itself concatenates an untrusted parameter into a string that is then executed dynamically (e.g. `EXEC(@sql)`), the same injection risk exists as in application-level string building. Safety comes from using parameter binding inside the procedure too, not from the mere fact that it lives in the database.",{"id":194,"topic":9,"difficulty":150,"body":195,"options":196,"correct_key":157,"explanation":205},"019faa33-10a9-74fc-8e47-6bfb2db75e8f","A code review flags a query where a numeric product ID is concatenated without quotes: `\"SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = \" + productId`. Why can this still be SQL injection, even though there are no surrounding quotes to break out of?",[197,199,201,203],{"key":154,"text":198},"It cannot be injected because numeric fields never accept text",{"key":157,"text":200},"No quotes needed in numeric context, `1 OR 1=1` injects fine as-is",{"key":160,"text":202},"It is only exploitable if the column is a floating-point type",{"key":163,"text":204},"Numeric concatenation is always converted to a stored procedure call by the database driver automatically","Quote-escaping matters for string contexts, but a numeric context needs no quotes at all — the raw input is inserted directly as SQL. An attacker submitting `1 OR 1=1` (or worse, a subquery\u002FUNION) changes the query's logic without ever needing a quote character, so unquoted numeric concatenation is just as unsafe as quoted string concatenation.",{"id":207,"topic":9,"difficulty":168,"body":208,"options":209,"correct_key":154,"explanation":218},"019faa33-10a9-7e93-9cb4-b47011692f24","A login form's backend builds `\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '\" + user + \"' AND password = '\" + pass + \"'\"`. An attacker submits `admin' -- ` as the username, leaving the password field empty. What effect does the `--` sequence have in most SQL dialects?",[210,212,214,216],{"key":154,"text":211},"It starts a comment, so the rest of the line including the password check is ignored",{"key":157,"text":213},"It escapes the following characters, making them literal text",{"key":160,"text":215},"It forces the query to return zero rows regardless of the username",{"key":163,"text":217},"It is invalid syntax in every SQL dialect, so the database rejects the entire query outright","`--` begins an inline comment in most SQL dialects, so everything after it on that line — including `AND password = '...'` — is discarded by the parser. The resulting query effectively becomes `WHERE username = 'admin'`, authenticating as `admin` without any valid password, which is why unescaped input reaching query text is dangerous beyond just breaking out of quotes.",{"id":220,"topic":9,"difficulty":168,"body":221,"options":222,"correct_key":163,"explanation":231},"019faa33-10aa-7914-8ea7-c6774d5f3656","A developer HTML-encodes user input before inserting it into a page (`\u003C` becomes `<`, etc.) and inserts the encoded string into a `\u003Cscript>` block as `var name = \"{{ encoded_name }}\";`. Why can this still be exploitable even though HTML encoding was applied?",[223,225,227,229],{"key":154,"text":224},"HTML encoding is reversed automatically by the browser's JavaScript engine before the script block runs",{"key":157,"text":226},"The `\u003Cscript>` tag ignores all encoding rules by design",{"key":160,"text":228},"It cannot be exploited; HTML encoding covers every rendering context",{"key":163,"text":230},"JavaScript strings have their own dangerous characters, like `\"` and `\\`, unaffected by HTML encoding","Output encoding must match the context where data lands. HTML encoding neutralizes `\u003C`, `>`, `&`, and quotes for HTML markup, but inside a JavaScript string literal the dangerous characters are things like unescaped `\"`, `'`, `\\`, and line terminators, which HTML entity encoding does not touch. An attacker supplying `\"; alert(1); \u002F\u002F` can close the string and inject script that HTML encoding never addressed.",{"fields":233,"seniorities":407,"interview_shapes":408,"locales":413,"oauth":415,"question_count":418,"coach_enabled":419,"jd_match_enabled":419},[234,259,279,296,320,333,352,371,381,388,394,401],{"key":235,"name_tr":236,"name_en":236,"sort":150,"specializations":237},"backend","Backend",[238,241,244,247,250,253,256],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":235},"general","Genel",{"key":242,"name":243,"field":235},"go","Go",{"key":245,"name":246,"field":235},"python","Python",{"key":248,"name":249,"field":235},"java","Java",{"key":251,"name":252,"field":235},"csharp","C#\u002F.NET",{"key":254,"name":255,"field":235},"nodejs","Node.js",{"key":257,"name":258,"field":235},"php","PHP",{"key":260,"name_tr":261,"name_en":261,"sort":168,"specializations":262},"frontend","Frontend",[263,264,267,270,273,276],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":260},{"key":265,"name":266,"field":260},"javascript","JavaScript",{"key":268,"name":269,"field":260},"typescript","TypeScript",{"key":271,"name":272,"field":260},"react","React",{"key":274,"name":275,"field":260},"vue","Vue",{"key":277,"name":278,"field":260},"angular","Angular",{"key":280,"name_tr":281,"name_en":281,"sort":282,"specializations":283},"fullstack","Fullstack",3,[284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":280},{"key":242,"name":243,"field":235},{"key":245,"name":246,"field":235},{"key":248,"name":249,"field":235},{"key":251,"name":252,"field":235},{"key":254,"name":255,"field":235},{"key":257,"name":258,"field":235},{"key":265,"name":266,"field":260},{"key":268,"name":269,"field":260},{"key":271,"name":272,"field":260},{"key":274,"name":275,"field":260},{"key":277,"name":278,"field":260},{"key":297,"name_tr":298,"name_en":298,"sort":299,"specializations":300},"devops-cloud","DevOps \u002F Cloud",4,[301,302,305,308,311,314,317],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":297},{"key":303,"name":304,"field":297},"aws","AWS",{"key":306,"name":307,"field":297},"gcp","GCP",{"key":309,"name":310,"field":297},"azure","Azure",{"key":312,"name":313,"field":297},"kubernetes","Kubernetes",{"key":315,"name":316,"field":297},"terraform","Terraform",{"key":318,"name":319,"field":297},"linux","Linux",{"key":321,"name_tr":322,"name_en":322,"sort":323,"specializations":324},"ai-engineer","AI Engineer",5,[325,326,327,330],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":321},{"key":245,"name":246,"field":321},{"key":328,"name":329,"field":321},"llm-rag","LLM\u002FRAG",{"key":331,"name":332,"field":321},"mlops","MLOps",{"key":334,"name_tr":335,"name_en":336,"sort":337,"specializations":338},"database","Veritabanı","Database",6,[339,340,343,346,349],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":334},{"key":341,"name":342,"field":334},"postgresql","PostgreSQL",{"key":344,"name":345,"field":334},"mysql","MySQL",{"key":347,"name":348,"field":334},"mongodb","MongoDB",{"key":350,"name":351,"field":334},"redis","Redis",{"key":353,"name_tr":354,"name_en":355,"sort":356,"specializations":357},"mobile","Mobil","Mobile",7,[358,359,362,365,368],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":353},{"key":360,"name":361,"field":353},"ios-swift","iOS (Swift)",{"key":363,"name":364,"field":353},"android-kotlin","Android (Kotlin)",{"key":366,"name":367,"field":353},"flutter","Flutter",{"key":369,"name":370,"field":353},"react-native","React Native",{"key":5,"name_tr":372,"name_en":6,"sort":373,"specializations":374},"Güvenlik",8,[375,376,377,378,379,380],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":5},{"key":132,"name":133,"field":5},{"key":145,"name":146,"field":5},{"key":139,"name":140,"field":5},{"key":142,"name":143,"field":5},{"key":136,"name":137,"field":5},{"key":382,"name_tr":383,"name_en":384,"sort":385,"specializations":386},"qa-test-automation","QA \u002F Test Otomasyonu","QA \u002F Test Automation",9,[387],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":382},{"key":389,"name_tr":390,"name_en":390,"sort":391,"specializations":392},"data-engineer","Data Engineer",10,[393],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":389},{"key":395,"name_tr":396,"name_en":397,"sort":398,"specializations":399},"game-dev","Oyun Geliştirme","Game Development",11,[400],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":395},{"key":402,"name_tr":403,"name_en":403,"sort":404,"specializations":405},"ml-engineer","ML Engineer",12,[406],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":402},[14,15,16],{"junior":409,"mid":411,"senior":412},{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},20,{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},[414,10],"tr",[416,417],"google","github",21750,true]