[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"me":3,"catalog:en:security\u002Fas-api-security":4,"config":232},null,{"field_key":5,"field_name":6,"seniority":7,"topic_key":8,"topic_name":9,"spec_key":7,"spec_name":7,"locale":10,"cell_total":11,"field_total":12,"seniorities":13,"topics":17,"specs":130,"samples":147},"security","Security","","as-api-security","As Api Security","en",75,2850,[14,15,16],"junior","mid","senior",[18,21,22,25,28,31,34,37,40,43,46,49,52,55,58,61,64,67,70,73,76,79,82,85,88,91,94,97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,124,127],{"key":19,"name":20,"count":11},"as-access-control-idor","As Access Control Idor",{"key":8,"name":9,"count":11},{"key":23,"name":24,"count":11},"as-authentication-session","As Authentication Session",{"key":26,"name":27,"count":11},"as-crypto-implementation-pitfalls","As Crypto Implementation Pitfalls",{"key":29,"name":30,"count":11},"as-injection-input-validation","As Injection Input Validation",{"key":32,"name":33,"count":11},"as-secure-sdlc-sast-dast","As Secure Sdlc Sast Dast",{"key":35,"name":36,"count":11},"bt-crisis-communication-management","Bt Crisis Communication Management",{"key":38,"name":39,"count":11},"bt-detection-engineering-tuning","Bt Detection Engineering Tuning",{"key":41,"name":42,"count":11},"bt-digital-forensics-fundamentals","Bt Digital Forensics Fundamentals",{"key":44,"name":45,"count":11},"bt-incident-triage-classification","Bt Incident Triage Classification",{"key":47,"name":48,"count":11},"bt-ir-playbook-execution","Bt Ir Playbook Execution",{"key":50,"name":51,"count":11},"bt-threat-intelligence-application","Bt Threat Intelligence Application",{"key":53,"name":54,"count":11},"cse-container-workload-security","Cse Container Workload Security",{"key":56,"name":57,"count":11},"cse-cspm-misconfiguration","Cse Cspm Misconfiguration",{"key":59,"name":60,"count":11},"cse-data-protection-governance","Cse Data Protection Governance",{"key":62,"name":63,"count":11},"cse-detection-incident-response","Cse Detection Incident Response",{"key":65,"name":66,"count":11},"cse-iam-privilege-escalation","Cse Iam Privilege Escalation",{"key":68,"name":69,"count":11},"cse-network-perimeter-zero-trust","Cse Network Perimeter Zero Trust",{"key":71,"name":72,"count":11},"ds-iac-policy-as-code","Ds Iac Policy As Code",{"key":74,"name":75,"count":11},"ds-pipeline-security-gates","Ds Pipeline Security Gates",{"key":77,"name":78,"count":11},"ds-secrets-pipeline-management","Ds Secrets Pipeline Management",{"key":80,"name":81,"count":11},"ds-security-metrics-blameless-culture","Ds Security Metrics Blameless Culture",{"key":83,"name":84,"count":11},"ds-shift-left-security-culture","Ds Shift Left Security Culture",{"key":86,"name":87,"count":11},"ds-software-supply-chain-pipeline","Ds Software Supply Chain Pipeline",{"key":89,"name":90,"count":11},"pt-legal-ethical-boundaries","Pt Legal Ethical Boundaries",{"key":92,"name":93,"count":11},"pt-methodology-phases","Pt Methodology Phases",{"key":95,"name":96,"count":11},"pt-red-team-engagement-management","Pt Red Team Engagement Management",{"key":98,"name":99,"count":11},"pt-reporting-remediation-prioritization","Pt Reporting Remediation Prioritization",{"key":101,"name":102,"count":11},"pt-scoping-rules-of-engagement","Pt Scoping Rules Of Engagement",{"key":104,"name":105,"count":11},"pt-vulnerability-assessment-vs-pentest","Pt Vulnerability Assessment Vs Pentest",{"key":107,"name":108,"count":11},"security-authn-authz","Security Authn Authz",{"key":110,"name":111,"count":11},"security-cloud-infra-security","Security Cloud Infra Security",{"key":113,"name":114,"count":11},"security-compliance-risk","Security Compliance Risk",{"key":116,"name":117,"count":11},"security-cryptography-basics","Security Cryptography Basics",{"key":119,"name":120,"count":11},"security-incident-response","Security Incident Response",{"key":122,"name":123,"count":11},"security-network-security","Security Network Security",{"key":125,"name":126,"count":11},"security-secure-sdlc","Security Secure Sdlc",{"key":128,"name":129,"count":11},"security-web-vulnerabilities","Security Web Vulnerabilities",[131,135,138,141,144],{"key":132,"name":133,"count":134},"appsec","AppSec",450,{"key":136,"name":137,"count":134},"blue-team-incident","Blue Team \u002F Incident",{"key":139,"name":140,"count":134},"cloud-security","Cloud Security",{"key":142,"name":143,"count":134},"devsecops","DevSecOps",{"key":145,"name":146,"count":134},"offensive-pentest","Offensive \u002F Pentest",[148,166,179,193,206,219],{"id":149,"topic":9,"difficulty":150,"body":151,"options":152,"correct_key":154,"explanation":165},"019faa33-1058-7254-96a1-921fdbb2e235",1,"A public API endpoint has no limit on how many requests a single client can send per minute. What is the main security risk this creates?",[153,156,159,162],{"key":154,"text":155},"a","A client can hammer the endpoint for brute force, scraping, or resource exhaustion",{"key":157,"text":158},"b","TLS certificates will expire faster under high load",{"key":160,"text":161},"c","The API will return stale cached data to every client",{"key":163,"text":164},"d","The database schema becomes visible in error messages","Without rate limiting, nothing stops a single client (or botnet) from sending unbounded requests — enabling credential brute forcing, content scraping, or simply exhausting server\u002Fdatabase resources (a DoS-like effect).",{"id":167,"topic":9,"difficulty":150,"body":168,"options":169,"correct_key":157,"explanation":178},"019faa33-1058-79da-aadb-584bdd2d0e13","A rate limiter counts requests per client IP address. Why is IP-based rate limiting alone often insufficient for authenticated API users?",[170,172,174,176],{"key":154,"text":171},"IP addresses are always encrypted end-to-end at the transport layer, so no server-side rate limiter component can ever inspect or key off them for counting purposes.",{"key":157,"text":173},"Shared IPs group unrelated users, and attackers can rotate IPs to evade the limit.",{"key":160,"text":175},"HTTP\u002F2 forbids servers from reading the client IP address",{"key":163,"text":177},"IPv6 addresses cannot be stored in a rate-limiting counter","IP-based limits have two failure modes: shared IPs (office NAT, mobile carrier CGNAT) group unrelated users under one counter, while attackers with many IPs (proxies, botnets) simply spread requests to stay under any single-IP threshold. Keying the limiter by authenticated user\u002FAPI key (in addition to or instead of IP) avoids both problems.",{"id":180,"topic":9,"difficulty":181,"body":182,"options":183,"correct_key":154,"explanation":192},"019faa33-1059-76a5-9106-46664aa9a137",2,"An API returns HTTP 429 with a `Retry-After` header when a client exceeds its rate limit. A well-behaved client should:",[184,186,188,190],{"key":154,"text":185},"Back off and wait at least the duration given in `Retry-After` before retrying",{"key":157,"text":187},"Switch to a different API key and continue at the same rate",{"key":160,"text":189},"Ignore the header and treat 429 the same as a 500 server error",{"key":163,"text":191},"Immediately retry the same request in a tight loop until it succeeds","`Retry-After` tells the client how long to wait before the limit resets. Respecting it (with backoff) is the cooperative behavior rate limiting expects; ignoring it or retrying immediately just re-triggers the limit and can look like abusive traffic.",{"id":194,"topic":9,"difficulty":150,"body":195,"options":196,"correct_key":154,"explanation":205},"019faa33-105a-7895-abec-bf43b2ae3e08","What is \"mass assignment\" in the context of an API that accepts a JSON body to update a resource?",[197,199,201,203],{"key":154,"text":198},"The server blindly binds every request field to the model, so clients can set fields they shouldn't control.",{"key":157,"text":200},"Sending the same request to multiple API endpoints at once",{"key":160,"text":202},"A load balancer distributing requests across many backend instances, which is a separate infrastructure-layer routing concern unrelated to how any single instance parses a request body.",{"key":163,"text":204},"Encrypting the request body with multiple keys for redundancy","Mass assignment happens when a framework automatically maps all incoming JSON fields onto an object\u002Fmodel without an allowlist — so if the model has an `is_admin` or `role` field, a client can include it in the request body and the server will happily set it.",{"id":207,"topic":9,"difficulty":181,"body":208,"options":209,"correct_key":160,"explanation":218},"019faa33-105b-7a9b-ba1f-bf16b1e83243","```\nPATCH \u002Fapi\u002Fusers\u002F42\n{ \"name\": \"Ayşe\", \"role\": \"admin\" }\n```\nThe handler does `user.update_from_json(request.body)` where `update_from_json` sets every key it finds directly onto the user model, including `role`. What is the security problem?",[210,212,214,216],{"key":154,"text":211},"PATCH requests cannot contain a JSON body per the HTTP specification",{"key":157,"text":213},"The request is missing a `Content-Type: application\u002Fjson` header, and without it most frameworks refuse to parse the body at all, so the handler never even runs.",{"key":160,"text":215},"Any user editing their own profile can also set `role` to `admin` — privilege escalation via mass assignment.",{"key":163,"text":217},"The name field is not URL-encoded so it will corrupt the database","Because `update_from_json` blindly binds every incoming field, `role` — a field the client should never control — gets written straight through, letting a normal user self-promote to admin. The fix is to bind only an explicit allowlist of editable fields (e.g. just `name`).",{"id":220,"topic":9,"difficulty":181,"body":221,"options":222,"correct_key":160,"explanation":231},"019faa33-105d-73b3-a84f-74af592e7300","Which approach best prevents mass assignment vulnerabilities in an API's update endpoint?",[223,225,227,229],{"key":154,"text":224},"Rejecting any request body larger than 1 KB",{"key":157,"text":226},"Requiring the client to send an API key in addition to a session cookie, which strengthens authentication but says nothing about which fields the authenticated caller is allowed to write.",{"key":160,"text":228},"Explicitly listing which fields the endpoint may write, and ignoring\u002Frejecting everything else (a DTO\u002Fallowlist).",{"key":163,"text":230},"Logging every request body for later manual review","The fix is structural: bind the request to a dedicated DTO\u002Finput object that only contains the fields meant to be user-editable, rather than binding directly onto the full domain model. Fields like `role` or `balance` simply never appear in that DTO, so no client input can reach them.",{"fields":233,"seniorities":407,"interview_shapes":408,"locales":413,"oauth":415,"question_count":418,"coach_enabled":419,"jd_match_enabled":419},[234,259,279,296,320,333,352,371,381,388,394,401],{"key":235,"name_tr":236,"name_en":236,"sort":150,"specializations":237},"backend","Backend",[238,241,244,247,250,253,256],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":235},"general","Genel",{"key":242,"name":243,"field":235},"go","Go",{"key":245,"name":246,"field":235},"python","Python",{"key":248,"name":249,"field":235},"java","Java",{"key":251,"name":252,"field":235},"csharp","C#\u002F.NET",{"key":254,"name":255,"field":235},"nodejs","Node.js",{"key":257,"name":258,"field":235},"php","PHP",{"key":260,"name_tr":261,"name_en":261,"sort":181,"specializations":262},"frontend","Frontend",[263,264,267,270,273,276],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":260},{"key":265,"name":266,"field":260},"javascript","JavaScript",{"key":268,"name":269,"field":260},"typescript","TypeScript",{"key":271,"name":272,"field":260},"react","React",{"key":274,"name":275,"field":260},"vue","Vue",{"key":277,"name":278,"field":260},"angular","Angular",{"key":280,"name_tr":281,"name_en":281,"sort":282,"specializations":283},"fullstack","Fullstack",3,[284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":280},{"key":242,"name":243,"field":235},{"key":245,"name":246,"field":235},{"key":248,"name":249,"field":235},{"key":251,"name":252,"field":235},{"key":254,"name":255,"field":235},{"key":257,"name":258,"field":235},{"key":265,"name":266,"field":260},{"key":268,"name":269,"field":260},{"key":271,"name":272,"field":260},{"key":274,"name":275,"field":260},{"key":277,"name":278,"field":260},{"key":297,"name_tr":298,"name_en":298,"sort":299,"specializations":300},"devops-cloud","DevOps \u002F Cloud",4,[301,302,305,308,311,314,317],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":297},{"key":303,"name":304,"field":297},"aws","AWS",{"key":306,"name":307,"field":297},"gcp","GCP",{"key":309,"name":310,"field":297},"azure","Azure",{"key":312,"name":313,"field":297},"kubernetes","Kubernetes",{"key":315,"name":316,"field":297},"terraform","Terraform",{"key":318,"name":319,"field":297},"linux","Linux",{"key":321,"name_tr":322,"name_en":322,"sort":323,"specializations":324},"ai-engineer","AI Engineer",5,[325,326,327,330],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":321},{"key":245,"name":246,"field":321},{"key":328,"name":329,"field":321},"llm-rag","LLM\u002FRAG",{"key":331,"name":332,"field":321},"mlops","MLOps",{"key":334,"name_tr":335,"name_en":336,"sort":337,"specializations":338},"database","Veritabanı","Database",6,[339,340,343,346,349],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":334},{"key":341,"name":342,"field":334},"postgresql","PostgreSQL",{"key":344,"name":345,"field":334},"mysql","MySQL",{"key":347,"name":348,"field":334},"mongodb","MongoDB",{"key":350,"name":351,"field":334},"redis","Redis",{"key":353,"name_tr":354,"name_en":355,"sort":356,"specializations":357},"mobile","Mobil","Mobile",7,[358,359,362,365,368],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":353},{"key":360,"name":361,"field":353},"ios-swift","iOS (Swift)",{"key":363,"name":364,"field":353},"android-kotlin","Android (Kotlin)",{"key":366,"name":367,"field":353},"flutter","Flutter",{"key":369,"name":370,"field":353},"react-native","React Native",{"key":5,"name_tr":372,"name_en":6,"sort":373,"specializations":374},"Güvenlik",8,[375,376,377,378,379,380],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":5},{"key":132,"name":133,"field":5},{"key":145,"name":146,"field":5},{"key":139,"name":140,"field":5},{"key":142,"name":143,"field":5},{"key":136,"name":137,"field":5},{"key":382,"name_tr":383,"name_en":384,"sort":385,"specializations":386},"qa-test-automation","QA \u002F Test Otomasyonu","QA \u002F Test Automation",9,[387],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":382},{"key":389,"name_tr":390,"name_en":390,"sort":391,"specializations":392},"data-engineer","Data Engineer",10,[393],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":389},{"key":395,"name_tr":396,"name_en":397,"sort":398,"specializations":399},"game-dev","Oyun Geliştirme","Game Development",11,[400],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":395},{"key":402,"name_tr":403,"name_en":403,"sort":404,"specializations":405},"ml-engineer","ML Engineer",12,[406],{"key":239,"name":240,"field":402},[14,15,16],{"junior":409,"mid":411,"senior":412},{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},20,{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},{"questions":410,"median_sec":3},[414,10],"tr",[416,417],"google","github",21750,true]