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it does not own one fixed thread — the system decides which thread actually executes the work.",{"id":146,"topic":9,"difficulty":129,"body":147,"options":148,"correct_key":136,"explanation":157},"019f956d-6e07-7257-a204-a848d87ce644","What is the practical difference between `queue.sync { ... }` and `queue.async { ... }`?",[149,151,153,155],{"key":133,"text":150},"`sync` always runs on the main thread, `async` never does",{"key":136,"text":152},"`sync` blocks the calling thread until the block finishes",{"key":139,"text":154},"`async` blocks the calling thread, `sync` returns immediately",{"key":142,"text":156},"There is no observable difference in modern Swift","`sync` waits for the submitted block to complete before returning control to the caller, blocking the calling thread; `async` submits the block and returns control immediately without waiting.",{"id":159,"topic":9,"difficulty":160,"body":161,"options":162,"correct_key":133,"explanation":171},"019f956d-6e07-79ef-98bc-7874082a1bd9",2,"```\nlet queue = DispatchQueue(label: \"serial\")\nqueue.sync {\n    queue.sync {\n        print(\"inner\")\n    }\n}\n```\nWhat happens when this runs?",[163,165,167,169],{"key":133,"text":164},"It deadlocks: the inner `sync` waits for the serial queue the outer call already occupies",{"key":136,"text":166},"It compiles but does nothing at runtime",{"key":139,"text":168},"It prints \"inner\" twice",{"key":142,"text":170},"The compiler rejects nested `sync` calls","A serial queue runs one block at a time. The outer `sync` occupies the queue and blocks the calling thread waiting for it to finish; the inner `sync` tries to enqueue and wait on that same occupied serial queue, so neither can proceed — a classic self-deadlock.",{"id":173,"topic":9,"difficulty":129,"body":174,"options":175,"correct_key":142,"explanation":184},"019f956d-6e08-7116-b2c2-0856fe810584","In Swift's `async`\u002F`await`, what does marking a function `async` mean?",[176,178,180,182],{"key":133,"text":177},"The function always runs on a background thread",{"key":136,"text":179},"The function can never throw an error",{"key":139,"text":181},"The function is automatically retried on failure",{"key":142,"text":183},"The function may suspend and later resume","An `async` function can suspend at an `await` point (e.g. waiting on another async operation) and resume later, potentially on a different thread; it does not dictate which specific thread or queue it runs on by itself.",{"id":186,"topic":9,"difficulty":160,"body":187,"options":188,"correct_key":133,"explanation":197},"019f956d-6e08-77e1-a8e5-25b21aba1bce","What problem does an `actor` in Swift primarily solve?",[189,191,193,195],{"key":133,"text":190},"It serializes access to its mutable state",{"key":136,"text":192},"It makes a type conform to `Codable` automatically",{"key":139,"text":194},"It removes the need to ever call `await`",{"key":142,"text":196},"It guarantees the type is a value type instead of a reference type","An actor protects its mutable state by only allowing one task at a time to execute code that touches that state (actor isolation), which is the language's built-in mechanism against data races on shared mutable state.",{"id":199,"topic":9,"difficulty":160,"body":200,"options":201,"correct_key":133,"explanation":210},"019f956d-6e08-7e7b-83a4-c45792161237","```\nactor Counter {\n    private var value = 0\n    func increment() { value += 1 }\n    func current() -> Int { value }\n}\n```\nFrom outside the actor, how must `increment()` be called?",[202,204,206,208],{"key":133,"text":203},"`await counter.increment()`",{"key":136,"text":205},"`counter.increment()` with no `await`, since actors are synchronous by default",{"key":139,"text":207},"It cannot be called from outside the actor at all",{"key":142,"text":209},"Only from a `DispatchQueue.main.sync` block","Calling an actor's method from outside that actor's isolation is a potential suspension point (the call may have to wait its turn), so Swift requires `await` at the call site even though `increment()` itself isn't declared 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