[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"me":3,"catalog:en:devops-cloud\u002Flinux-process-management-signals":4,"config":256},null,{"field_key":5,"field_name":6,"seniority":7,"topic_key":8,"topic_name":9,"spec_key":7,"spec_name":7,"locale":10,"cell_total":11,"field_total":12,"seniorities":13,"topics":17,"specs":151,"samples":171},"devops-cloud","DevOps \u002F Cloud","","linux-process-management-signals","Linux Process Management Signals","en",75,3375,[14,15,16],"junior","mid","senior",[18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,114,115,118,121,124,127,130,133,136,139,142,145,148],{"key":19,"name":20,"count":11},"aws-compute-ec2-lambda","Aws Compute Ec2 Lambda",{"key":22,"name":23,"count":11},"aws-databases-rds-dynamodb","Aws Databases Rds Dynamodb",{"key":25,"name":26,"count":11},"aws-iam-security","Aws Iam Security",{"key":28,"name":29,"count":11},"aws-messaging-eventing","Aws Messaging Eventing",{"key":31,"name":32,"count":11},"aws-networking-vpc","Aws Networking Vpc",{"key":34,"name":35,"count":11},"aws-storage-s3-ebs","Aws Storage S3 Ebs",{"key":37,"name":38,"count":11},"azure-compute-vm-appservice","Azure Compute Vm Appservice",{"key":40,"name":41,"count":11},"azure-databases-sql-cosmosdb","Azure Databases Sql Cosmosdb",{"key":43,"name":44,"count":11},"azure-iam-security","Azure Iam Security",{"key":46,"name":47,"count":11},"azure-messaging-eventing","Azure Messaging Eventing",{"key":49,"name":50,"count":11},"azure-networking-vnet","Azure Networking Vnet",{"key":52,"name":53,"count":11},"azure-storage-blob-managed-disk","Azure Storage Blob Managed Disk",{"key":55,"name":56,"count":11},"ci-cd-pipelines","Ci Cd Pipelines",{"key":58,"name":59,"count":11},"cloud-architecture-scaling","Cloud Architecture Scaling",{"key":61,"name":62,"count":11},"containers-orchestration","Containers 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Resources",{"key":97,"name":98,"count":11},"k8s-services-networking","K8s Services Networking",{"key":100,"name":101,"count":11},"k8s-storage","K8s Storage",{"key":103,"name":104,"count":11},"k8s-workloads","K8s Workloads",{"key":106,"name":107,"count":11},"linux-filesystem-permissions-links","Linux Filesystem Permissions Links",{"key":109,"name":110,"count":11},"linux-networking-tools-troubleshooting","Linux Networking Tools Troubleshooting",{"key":112,"name":113,"count":11},"linux-performance-monitoring-resource-limits","Linux Performance Monitoring Resource Limits",{"key":8,"name":9,"count":11},{"key":116,"name":117,"count":11},"linux-shell-scripting-ops-automation","Linux Shell Scripting Ops Automation",{"key":119,"name":120,"count":11},"linux-systemd-service-management","Linux Systemd Service Management",{"key":122,"name":123,"count":11},"networking-dns-loadbalancing","Networking Dns Loadbalancing",{"key":125,"name":126,"count":11},"observability-monitoring","Observability Monitoring",{"key":128,"name":129,"count":11},"reliability-incident-sre","Reliability Incident Sre",{"key":131,"name":132,"count":11},"security-iam-secrets","Security Iam Secrets",{"key":134,"name":135,"count":11},"terraform-hcl-language-expressions","Terraform Hcl Language Expressions",{"key":137,"name":138,"count":11},"terraform-modules-workspaces","Terraform Modules Workspaces",{"key":140,"name":141,"count":11},"terraform-plan-apply-drift-import","Terraform Plan Apply Drift Import",{"key":143,"name":144,"count":11},"terraform-providers-lifecycle-provisioners","Terraform Providers Lifecycle Provisioners",{"key":146,"name":147,"count":11},"terraform-state-backend-locking","Terraform State Backend Locking",{"key":149,"name":150,"count":11},"terraform-testing-policy-cicd","Terraform Testing Policy Cicd",[152,156,159,162,165,168],{"key":153,"name":154,"count":155},"aws","AWS",450,{"key":157,"name":158,"count":155},"azure","Azure",{"key":160,"name":161,"count":155},"gcp","GCP",{"key":163,"name":164,"count":155},"kubernetes","Kubernetes",{"key":166,"name":167,"count":155},"linux","Linux",{"key":169,"name":170,"count":155},"terraform","Terraform",[172,190,203,216,229,243],{"id":173,"topic":9,"difficulty":174,"body":175,"options":176,"correct_key":181,"explanation":189},"019f913c-22d9-79e1-9fc9-818a8059f083",1,"In Linux, what is the practical difference between a program and a process?",[177,180,183,186],{"key":178,"text":179},"a","There is no difference; the two terms describe exactly the same thing",{"key":181,"text":182},"b","A program is a static file on disk; a process is its running instance, with its own memory and PID.",{"key":184,"text":185},"c","A program can only run once per boot, while a process can run multiple times",{"key":187,"text":188},"d","A process is the compiled binary, while a program is what the kernel schedules on the CPU","A program is passive on-disk data (an executable file). When it is loaded and started, the kernel creates a process: a running instance with its own address space, PID, open file descriptors, and scheduling state. The same program can back many concurrently running processes.",{"id":191,"topic":9,"difficulty":174,"body":192,"options":193,"correct_key":178,"explanation":202},"019f913c-22da-728c-bd5e-4e809ce70a03","What does PPID refer to for a running process?",[194,196,198,200],{"key":178,"text":195},"The PID of the process that created it (its parent process)",{"key":181,"text":197},"The priority level assigned to the process by the scheduler",{"key":184,"text":199},"The number of threads currently running inside that process",{"key":187,"text":201},"A random identifier reassigned to the process every time it wakes up from sleep","PPID (Parent Process ID) is the PID of the process that spawned the current one, typically via fork(). Every process except PID 1 has a parent, forming the process tree visible in tools like pstree.",{"id":204,"topic":9,"difficulty":174,"body":205,"options":206,"correct_key":184,"explanation":215},"019f913c-22da-79ae-b07d-a231c4542a99","In `ps aux` output, a process shown with STAT `R` is in which state?",[207,209,211,213],{"key":178,"text":208},"Stopped by a job-control signal, waiting to be resumed",{"key":181,"text":210},"A zombie, waiting for its parent to collect its exit status",{"key":184,"text":212},"Running or runnable, executing on a CPU or waiting in the run queue.",{"key":187,"text":214},"Permanently blocked on disk I\u002FO with no way to be interrupted","`R` means the process is in the TASK_RUNNING state from the kernel's point of view: it is either actually executing on a CPU right now or sitting in the run queue ready to be scheduled.",{"id":217,"topic":9,"difficulty":174,"body":218,"options":219,"correct_key":187,"explanation":228},"019f913c-22dc-7698-a7b9-afbc93fe9cd0","A process shown with STAT `S` in `ps aux` is described as being in \"interruptible sleep\". What does that mean?",[220,222,224,226],{"key":178,"text":221},"The process has crashed and cannot be woken up under any circumstance",{"key":181,"text":223},"The process is consuming 100% CPU while waiting",{"key":184,"text":225},"The process can only be woken up by SIGKILL, no other signal works",{"key":187,"text":227},"Waiting for an event; a pending signal can interrupt the wait early.","Interruptible sleep (`S`) is the most common idle state: the process is blocked waiting for some condition (data on a socket, a timer, a mutex), but a pending signal can interrupt that wait and hand control back to the process before the condition is met.",{"id":230,"topic":9,"difficulty":231,"body":232,"options":233,"correct_key":181,"explanation":242},"019f913c-22dc-7de2-9f47-db71e71a1295",2,"What is the key practical difference between STAT `D` (uninterruptible sleep) and STAT `S` (interruptible sleep)?",[234,236,238,240],{"key":178,"text":235},"There is no real difference; `D` and `S` are just two names for the exact same kernel state",{"key":181,"text":237},"A `D`-state process usually can't respond to signals, including kill, until its I\u002FO completes.",{"key":184,"text":239},"A process in `D` state has already been reaped by its parent, while `S` processes are still alive",{"key":187,"text":241},"`D` processes always consume more CPU than `S` processes while waiting","`D` (uninterruptible sleep) typically happens during direct hardware\u002FI\u002FO waits (disk, some NFS operations). The kernel does not let a signal interrupt that wait, so even `kill -9` appears to have no effect until the I\u002FO finishes or times out — the process simply cannot check for pending signals while stuck in that kernel path.",{"id":244,"topic":9,"difficulty":231,"body":245,"options":246,"correct_key":178,"explanation":255},"019f913c-22dd-76df-a9ec-89c9d555ec94","What is a zombie process (STAT `Z`)?",[247,249,251,253],{"key":178,"text":248},"It has exited and released its resources, but keeps a process-table entry until reaped.",{"key":181,"text":250},"A process that is still actively running but consuming zero CPU",{"key":184,"text":252},"A malicious process injected by malware that hides from `ps`",{"key":187,"text":254},"A process that was killed with SIGKILL but whose memory was never freed by the kernel","A zombie has already exited: its memory, file descriptors, and other resources are released. All that remains is a small process-table entry holding its PID and exit status, kept around so the parent can retrieve that status via wait()\u002Fwaitpid(). It is not consuming CPU or memory beyond that entry.",{"fields":257,"seniorities":429,"interview_shapes":430,"locales":435,"oauth":437,"question_count":440,"coach_enabled":441,"jd_match_enabled":441},[258,283,303,320,330,343,362,381,403,410,416,423],{"key":259,"name_tr":260,"name_en":260,"sort":174,"specializations":261},"backend","Backend",[262,265,268,271,274,277,280],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":259},"general","Genel",{"key":266,"name":267,"field":259},"go","Go",{"key":269,"name":270,"field":259},"python","Python",{"key":272,"name":273,"field":259},"java","Java",{"key":275,"name":276,"field":259},"csharp","C#\u002F.NET",{"key":278,"name":279,"field":259},"nodejs","Node.js",{"key":281,"name":282,"field":259},"php","PHP",{"key":284,"name_tr":285,"name_en":285,"sort":231,"specializations":286},"frontend","Frontend",[287,288,291,294,297,300],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":284},{"key":289,"name":290,"field":284},"javascript","JavaScript",{"key":292,"name":293,"field":284},"typescript","TypeScript",{"key":295,"name":296,"field":284},"react","React",{"key":298,"name":299,"field":284},"vue","Vue",{"key":301,"name":302,"field":284},"angular","Angular",{"key":304,"name_tr":305,"name_en":305,"sort":306,"specializations":307},"fullstack","Fullstack",3,[308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":304},{"key":266,"name":267,"field":259},{"key":269,"name":270,"field":259},{"key":272,"name":273,"field":259},{"key":275,"name":276,"field":259},{"key":278,"name":279,"field":259},{"key":281,"name":282,"field":259},{"key":289,"name":290,"field":284},{"key":292,"name":293,"field":284},{"key":295,"name":296,"field":284},{"key":298,"name":299,"field":284},{"key":301,"name":302,"field":284},{"key":5,"name_tr":6,"name_en":6,"sort":321,"specializations":322},4,[323,324,325,326,327,328,329],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":5},{"key":153,"name":154,"field":5},{"key":160,"name":161,"field":5},{"key":157,"name":158,"field":5},{"key":163,"name":164,"field":5},{"key":169,"name":170,"field":5},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":5},{"key":331,"name_tr":332,"name_en":332,"sort":333,"specializations":334},"ai-engineer","AI Engineer",5,[335,336,337,340],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":331},{"key":269,"name":270,"field":331},{"key":338,"name":339,"field":331},"llm-rag","LLM\u002FRAG",{"key":341,"name":342,"field":331},"mlops","MLOps",{"key":344,"name_tr":345,"name_en":346,"sort":347,"specializations":348},"database","Veritabanı","Database",6,[349,350,353,356,359],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":344},{"key":351,"name":352,"field":344},"postgresql","PostgreSQL",{"key":354,"name":355,"field":344},"mysql","MySQL",{"key":357,"name":358,"field":344},"mongodb","MongoDB",{"key":360,"name":361,"field":344},"redis","Redis",{"key":363,"name_tr":364,"name_en":365,"sort":366,"specializations":367},"mobile","Mobil","Mobile",7,[368,369,372,375,378],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":363},{"key":370,"name":371,"field":363},"ios-swift","iOS (Swift)",{"key":373,"name":374,"field":363},"android-kotlin","Android (Kotlin)",{"key":376,"name":377,"field":363},"flutter","Flutter",{"key":379,"name":380,"field":363},"react-native","React Native",{"key":382,"name_tr":383,"name_en":384,"sort":385,"specializations":386},"security","Güvenlik","Security",8,[387,388,391,394,397,400],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":382},{"key":389,"name":390,"field":382},"appsec","AppSec",{"key":392,"name":393,"field":382},"offensive-pentest","Offensive \u002F Pentest",{"key":395,"name":396,"field":382},"cloud-security","Cloud Security",{"key":398,"name":399,"field":382},"devsecops","DevSecOps",{"key":401,"name":402,"field":382},"blue-team-incident","Blue Team \u002F Incident",{"key":404,"name_tr":405,"name_en":406,"sort":407,"specializations":408},"qa-test-automation","QA \u002F Test Otomasyonu","QA \u002F Test Automation",9,[409],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":404},{"key":411,"name_tr":412,"name_en":412,"sort":413,"specializations":414},"data-engineer","Data Engineer",10,[415],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":411},{"key":417,"name_tr":418,"name_en":419,"sort":420,"specializations":421},"game-dev","Oyun Geliştirme","Game Development",11,[422],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":417},{"key":424,"name_tr":425,"name_en":425,"sort":426,"specializations":427},"ml-engineer","ML Engineer",12,[428],{"key":263,"name":264,"field":424},[14,15,16],{"junior":431,"mid":433,"senior":434},{"questions":432,"median_sec":3},20,{"questions":432,"median_sec":3},{"questions":432,"median_sec":3},[436,10],"tr",[438,439],"google","github",21750,true]