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It is not a physical core, a storage partition, or a stored-procedure parameter.",{"id":125,"topic":81,"difficulty":108,"body":126,"options":127,"correct_key":112,"explanation":136},"01a00fd5-7c5b-7647-b07b-5d22f2c105cb","Under BigQuery's on-demand pricing model, what determines the charge for a query?",[128,130,132,134],{"key":112,"text":129},"The number of bytes the query processes (scans)",{"key":115,"text":131},"The number of slots the query happens to use",{"key":118,"text":133},"The wall-clock duration the query takes to finish",{"key":121,"text":135},"The number of output rows the query returns","On-demand pricing bills based on the volume of data (bytes) processed by the query, not on the number of slots consumed, how long it runs, or how many rows come back.",{"id":138,"topic":81,"difficulty":139,"body":140,"options":141,"correct_key":118,"explanation":150},"01a00fd5-7c5f-78ac-aef5-2b4c48425458",2,"Under BigQuery's capacity-based (reservation) pricing model, what does a customer pay for?",[142,144,146,148],{"key":112,"text":143},"Bytes scanned per query, exactly like on-demand pricing",{"key":115,"text":145},"A flat monthly fee that is completely independent of any usage",{"key":118,"text":147},"A pool of slots reserved for running their workloads",{"key":121,"text":149},"Only the storage consumed by the query's result set","In capacity-based (reservation) pricing, the customer pays for a pool of slots allocated to a reservation, regardless of how many bytes any individual query scans -- the opposite billing basis from on-demand.",{"id":152,"topic":81,"difficulty":139,"body":153,"options":154,"correct_key":115,"explanation":163},"01a00fd5-7c67-72b1-be6b-d99a6666c500","```sql\nSELECT * FROM orders;\n-- vs\nSELECT order_id, total_amount FROM orders;\n```\nBoth queries scan the full `orders` table with no WHERE clause. Why does the second query typically process fewer bytes than the first?",[155,157,159,161],{"key":112,"text":156},"The second query applies an implicit LIMIT that the first one does not",{"key":115,"text":158},"BigQuery's columnar storage reads only the referenced columns",{"key":118,"text":160},"BigQuery caches SELECT * queries less aggressively than column-specific queries",{"key":121,"text":162},"The second query runs on fewer slots, which lowers the bytes billed","BigQuery stores data column by column, so a query only reads the columns it references. `SELECT *` reads every column, while selecting two columns reads only those two, which is why it processes fewer bytes.",{"id":165,"topic":81,"difficulty":139,"body":166,"options":167,"correct_key":121,"explanation":176},"01a00fd5-7c6e-7c82-b004-142d96ad2528","Table `events` is NOT clustered or partitioned. You run `SELECT * FROM events LIMIT 10`. Compared to running the same query without the LIMIT, how many bytes does BigQuery process?",[168,170,172,174],{"key":112,"text":169},"Roughly the bytes of 10 rows, since LIMIT stops the scan early",{"key":115,"text":171},"Zero bytes, because LIMIT is applied before any data is read",{"key":118,"text":173},"Bytes proportional to 10 divided by the total row count",{"key":121,"text":175},"The same amount of data scanned as without the LIMIT clause","For a non-clustered table, LIMIT is applied after the data has already been read, so it does not reduce the bytes scanned. The query still reads all referenced columns for all rows before truncating the output to 10 rows.",{"id":178,"topic":81,"difficulty":139,"body":179,"options":180,"correct_key":112,"explanation":189},"01a00fd5-7c73-7e00-8e53-04c3b441400e","Table `logs` has no partitioning or clustering defined. You run `SELECT message FROM logs WHERE severity = 'ERROR'`. Compared to a query without the WHERE clause but selecting the same column, what happens to the bytes scanned?",[181,183,185,187],{"key":112,"text":182},"The bytes scanned stay essentially unchanged without partition or cluster pruning available",{"key":115,"text":184},"The bytes scanned drop dramatically, because WHERE always prunes at the storage level",{"key":118,"text":186},"The bytes scanned drop to zero, because the filter is evaluated before storage is read",{"key":121,"text":188},"The bytes scanned increase, because evaluating the WHERE condition adds an extra full table pass","Without partitioning or clustering, BigQuery has no storage-level way to skip blocks based on the filter. It must read the referenced columns (`message` and `severity`, since severity is needed to evaluate WHERE) for every row and only then discard non-matching 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