[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"me":3,"catalog:en:backend\u002Fpython-stdlib-http":4,"config":253},null,{"field_key":5,"field_name":6,"seniority":7,"topic_key":8,"topic_name":9,"spec_key":7,"spec_name":7,"locale":10,"cell_total":11,"field_total":12,"seniorities":13,"topics":17,"specs":148,"samples":168},"backend","Backend","","python-stdlib-http","Python Stdlib Http","en",75,3300,[14,15,16],"junior","mid","senior",[18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,45,48,51,54,57,60,63,66,69,72,75,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,114,117,120,123,126,129,132,135,136,139,142,145],{"key":19,"name":20,"count":11},"api-design","API Design",{"key":22,"name":23,"count":11},"caching","Caching",{"key":25,"name":26,"count":11},"concurrency","Concurrency",{"key":28,"name":29,"count":11},"csharp-concurrency-async","Csharp Concurrency Async",{"key":31,"name":32,"count":11},"csharp-exceptions","Csharp Exceptions",{"key":34,"name":35,"count":11},"csharp-generics-interfaces","Csharp Generics 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Oop",{"key":143,"name":144,"count":11},"security","Security",{"key":146,"name":147,"count":11},"testing","Testing",[149,153,156,159,162,165],{"key":150,"name":151,"count":152},"csharp","C#\u002F.NET",450,{"key":154,"name":155,"count":152},"go","Go",{"key":157,"name":158,"count":152},"java","Java",{"key":160,"name":161,"count":152},"nodejs","Node.js",{"key":163,"name":164,"count":152},"php","PHP",{"key":166,"name":167,"count":152},"python","Python",[169,187,201,214,227,240],{"id":170,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":172,"options":173,"correct_key":175,"explanation":186},"019f6c9d-3745-760f-99fd-175e25529f0c",1,"```python\nfrom collections import defaultdict\n\ncounts = defaultdict(int)\nwords = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\", \"b\", \"a\"]\nfor w in words:\n    counts[w] += 1\n\nprint(dict(counts))\n```\nWhat does this print?",[174,177,180,183],{"key":175,"text":176},"a","{'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1}",{"key":178,"text":179},"b","{'a': 1, 'b': 1, 'c': 1}",{"key":181,"text":182},"c","Raises KeyError on the first access to counts[\"a\"]",{"key":184,"text":185},"d","{'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1, None: 0}","defaultdict(int) supplies 0 (the result of calling int()) for any missing key instead of raising KeyError, so counts[w] += 1 works even the first time a word is seen. No extra keys like None are ever added — only keys that were actually looked up appear.",{"id":188,"topic":9,"difficulty":189,"body":190,"options":191,"correct_key":181,"explanation":200},"019f6c9d-3746-7835-af6d-216e4b767cfd",2,"You need to group a list of (category, value) pairs into a dict mapping each category to a list of its values, without writing an explicit \"if key not in dict\" check before every append.\n```python\nfrom collections import defaultdict\n\npairs = [(\"fruit\", \"apple\"), (\"veg\", \"carrot\"), (\"fruit\", \"banana\")]\ngroups = defaultdict(list)\nfor cat, val in pairs:\n    groups[cat].append(val)\n```\nWhat does defaultdict(list) do here that a plain dict would not?",[192,194,196,198],{"key":175,"text":193},"It behaves identically to a plain dict; append still raises KeyError on the first item of each new category.",{"key":178,"text":195},"It pre-populates groups with every category name found anywhere in the running program.",{"key":181,"text":197},"On first access to a missing key, it calls list() to create an empty list and binds it to that key, so append works immediately.",{"key":184,"text":199},"It silently discards any category not already present when groups was created.","defaultdict(list) invokes the factory (list()) via __missing__ whenever a key is looked up and not found, producing a fresh empty list bound to that key on the spot. That is exactly why groups[cat].append(val) can run without a preceding existence check — a plain dict would raise KeyError on the first append for a new category.",{"id":202,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":203,"options":204,"correct_key":178,"explanation":213},"019f6c9d-3747-7b48-8892-863b4679f76b","```python\nfrom collections import Counter\n\ntally = Counter([\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"red\", \"blue\"])\nprint(tally[\"red\"], tally[\"green\"])\n```\nWhat is printed?",[205,207,209,211],{"key":175,"text":206},"3 None",{"key":178,"text":208},"3 0",{"key":181,"text":210},"Raises KeyError because \"green\" was never counted",{"key":184,"text":212},"2 0","Counter is a dict subclass whose __getitem__ returns 0 for missing keys instead of raising KeyError, so tally[\"green\"] is 0 without ever being inserted. \"red\" appears 3 times in the source list, so tally[\"red\"] is 3.",{"id":215,"topic":9,"difficulty":189,"body":216,"options":217,"correct_key":184,"explanation":226},"019f6c9d-3748-789e-b67c-05aaf007507e","```python\nfrom collections import Counter\n\ntally = Counter({\"a\": 3, \"b\": 3, \"c\": 1})\nprint(tally.most_common(1))\n```\n\"a\" and \"b\" are tied for the highest count. What determines which one appears in the result?",[218,220,222,224],{"key":175,"text":219},"most_common always breaks ties alphabetically, so \"a\" is guaranteed to come first.",{"key":178,"text":221},"most_common raises ValueError when two counts are tied, since the ordering would be ambiguous.",{"key":181,"text":223},"Python re-sorts tied keys randomly on every call, so the result is nondeterministic across runs.",{"key":184,"text":225},"most_common uses a stable sort by count only, so ties keep the relative order the keys had when first inserted into the Counter.","Counter.most_common() sorts purely by count using a stable sort, so elements with equal counts keep whatever relative order they already had (here, insertion order from the dict literal: \"a\" then \"b\"). It never breaks ties alphabetically or randomly, and it never raises on ties.",{"id":228,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":229,"options":230,"correct_key":181,"explanation":239},"019f6c9d-3749-7c60-8935-a03563f9d0c2","```python\nfrom collections import namedtuple\n\nPoint = namedtuple(\"Point\", [\"x\", \"y\"])\np = Point(3, 4)\nprint(p.x, p[1], p.y == p[1])\n```\nWhat does this print?",[231,233,235,237],{"key":175,"text":232},"3 4 False",{"key":178,"text":234},"Raises TypeError because namedtuple fields cannot be accessed by index",{"key":181,"text":236},"3 4 True",{"key":184,"text":238},"4 3 True","A namedtuple supports both attribute access (p.x, p.y) and positional index access (p[0], p[1]) for the same underlying tuple values, since it is a regular tuple subclass with named accessors added. p.x is 3, p[1] equals p.y which is 4, so the equality check is True.",{"id":241,"topic":9,"difficulty":171,"body":242,"options":243,"correct_key":178,"explanation":252},"019f6c9d-374a-79a4-932a-97ae76760803","```python\nfrom collections import namedtuple\n\nPoint = namedtuple(\"Point\", [\"x\", \"y\"])\np = Point(3, 4)\np.x = 10\n```\nWhat happens when the last line runs?",[244,246,248,250],{"key":175,"text":245},"It succeeds silently, updating p.x to 10, since namedtuple fields are ordinary mutable attributes.",{"key":178,"text":247},"It raises AttributeError, because namedtuple instances are tuples under the hood and tuples are immutable.",{"key":181,"text":249},"It succeeds, but only the copy of p accessible through p.x changes, not p[0].",{"key":184,"text":251},"It raises TypeError at class-definition time when Point was first created, not when p.x is assigned.","namedtuple generates a regular tuple subclass with read-only properties for named field access; since tuples are immutable, attempting p.x = 10 raises AttributeError (\"can't set attribute\"). To get an updated instance you must use p._replace(x=10), which returns a new object instead of mutating p.",{"fields":254,"seniorities":424,"interview_shapes":425,"locales":430,"oauth":432,"question_count":435,"coach_enabled":436,"jd_match_enabled":436},[255,266,286,303,327,340,359,378,398,405,411,418],{"key":5,"name_tr":6,"name_en":6,"sort":171,"specializations":256},[257,260,261,262,263,264,265],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":5},"general","Genel",{"key":154,"name":155,"field":5},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":5},{"key":157,"name":158,"field":5},{"key":150,"name":151,"field":5},{"key":160,"name":161,"field":5},{"key":163,"name":164,"field":5},{"key":267,"name_tr":268,"name_en":268,"sort":189,"specializations":269},"frontend","Frontend",[270,271,274,277,280,283],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":267},{"key":272,"name":273,"field":267},"javascript","JavaScript",{"key":275,"name":276,"field":267},"typescript","TypeScript",{"key":278,"name":279,"field":267},"react","React",{"key":281,"name":282,"field":267},"vue","Vue",{"key":284,"name":285,"field":267},"angular","Angular",{"key":287,"name_tr":288,"name_en":288,"sort":289,"specializations":290},"fullstack","Fullstack",3,[291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":287},{"key":154,"name":155,"field":5},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":5},{"key":157,"name":158,"field":5},{"key":150,"name":151,"field":5},{"key":160,"name":161,"field":5},{"key":163,"name":164,"field":5},{"key":272,"name":273,"field":267},{"key":275,"name":276,"field":267},{"key":278,"name":279,"field":267},{"key":281,"name":282,"field":267},{"key":284,"name":285,"field":267},{"key":304,"name_tr":305,"name_en":305,"sort":306,"specializations":307},"devops-cloud","DevOps \u002F Cloud",4,[308,309,312,315,318,321,324],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":304},{"key":310,"name":311,"field":304},"aws","AWS",{"key":313,"name":314,"field":304},"gcp","GCP",{"key":316,"name":317,"field":304},"azure","Azure",{"key":319,"name":320,"field":304},"kubernetes","Kubernetes",{"key":322,"name":323,"field":304},"terraform","Terraform",{"key":325,"name":326,"field":304},"linux","Linux",{"key":328,"name_tr":329,"name_en":329,"sort":330,"specializations":331},"ai-engineer","AI Engineer",5,[332,333,334,337],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":328},{"key":166,"name":167,"field":328},{"key":335,"name":336,"field":328},"llm-rag","LLM\u002FRAG",{"key":338,"name":339,"field":328},"mlops","MLOps",{"key":341,"name_tr":342,"name_en":343,"sort":344,"specializations":345},"database","Veritabanı","Database",6,[346,347,350,353,356],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":341},{"key":348,"name":349,"field":341},"postgresql","PostgreSQL",{"key":351,"name":352,"field":341},"mysql","MySQL",{"key":354,"name":355,"field":341},"mongodb","MongoDB",{"key":357,"name":358,"field":341},"redis","Redis",{"key":360,"name_tr":361,"name_en":362,"sort":363,"specializations":364},"mobile","Mobil","Mobile",7,[365,366,369,372,375],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":360},{"key":367,"name":368,"field":360},"ios-swift","iOS (Swift)",{"key":370,"name":371,"field":360},"android-kotlin","Android (Kotlin)",{"key":373,"name":374,"field":360},"flutter","Flutter",{"key":376,"name":377,"field":360},"react-native","React Native",{"key":143,"name_tr":379,"name_en":144,"sort":380,"specializations":381},"Güvenlik",8,[382,383,386,389,392,395],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":143},{"key":384,"name":385,"field":143},"appsec","AppSec",{"key":387,"name":388,"field":143},"offensive-pentest","Offensive \u002F Pentest",{"key":390,"name":391,"field":143},"cloud-security","Cloud Security",{"key":393,"name":394,"field":143},"devsecops","DevSecOps",{"key":396,"name":397,"field":143},"blue-team-incident","Blue Team \u002F Incident",{"key":399,"name_tr":400,"name_en":401,"sort":402,"specializations":403},"qa-test-automation","QA \u002F Test Otomasyonu","QA \u002F Test Automation",9,[404],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":399},{"key":406,"name_tr":407,"name_en":407,"sort":408,"specializations":409},"data-engineer","Data Engineer",10,[410],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":406},{"key":412,"name_tr":413,"name_en":414,"sort":415,"specializations":416},"game-dev","Oyun Geliştirme","Game Development",11,[417],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":412},{"key":419,"name_tr":420,"name_en":420,"sort":421,"specializations":422},"ml-engineer","ML Engineer",12,[423],{"key":258,"name":259,"field":419},[14,15,16],{"junior":426,"mid":428,"senior":429},{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},20,{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},{"questions":427,"median_sec":3},[431,10],"tr",[433,434],"google","github",21750,true]